Skip to content

TECHNICAL PREVIEW · IN ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT

ARCHITECTURE

Compute placed where the work happens.

E31 Network is three tiers with sharply drawn responsibilities: an edge node on the machine, a facility plane inside the boundary, and a fleet plane that governs without seeing operational data. Layers are described here by function — what runs where, and why — not by implementation.

IN ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT — THIS PAGE DESCRIBES DESIGN INTENT, NOT A SHIPPED SYSTEM

01 · SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Three tiers, one trust chain.

FLEET PLANE

ACROSS SITES

  • Provisioning
  • Signed model distribution
  • Integrity attestation
  • Audit rollup

FACILITY PLANE

ONSITE · INSIDE THE BOUNDARY

  • Fleet coordination
  • Shared world model
  • Heavy inference
  • Scheduled adaptation

EDGE NODES

ON OR INSIDE THE MACHINE

EDGE NODE

EDGE NODE

EDGE NODE

  • Perception
  • VLA inference
  • Local autonomy
  • Separated safety path
THREE TIERS · ONE TRUST CHAIN · NO RUNTIME CLOUD DEPENDENCY

Data flows follow gravity. Sensor streams are consumed on the machine or inside the facility; only what governance requires — attestation evidence, audit records, health — moves up, and only signed artifacts move down.

The design goal is that each tier can lose contact with the tier above it and keep doing its job: the machine without the facility plane, the facility without the fleet plane, the site without the outside world.

02 · EDGE NODE

On the machine.

The edge node is the compute payload that travels with the machine — mounted on it or integrated inside it. It runs what cannot tolerate distance: perception over the machine’s own sensors, vision-language-action inference for manipulation and navigation, and the local autonomy that keeps the machine productive when nothing else is reachable.

Its defining constraint is the safety-path separation. Everything learned — perception, policies, planners — runs on the throughput side of the node. Interlocks, stop authority, and motion limits live on an isolated control path with bounded timing that does not share fate with inference. A model can stall, restart, or be replaced mid-shift; the machine’s ability to stop safely never depends on it.

The node is being designed as a sealed unit in the same discipline as the rest of the platform: a signed, read-only image, a single defined workload, and attestation before it is allowed to participate in the fleet. A machine that cannot prove what it is running does not get work.

03 · FACILITY PLANE

The onsite sovereign datacenter.

The facility plane is the heavy end of the system: sealed compute installed inside the customer’s boundary, sized for the fleet it serves. It carries what is too large or too shared for any single machine — the models that need real accelerators, and the coordination state that belongs to the facility rather than to a robot.

Its first job is fleet coordination: task allocation, deconfliction, and a shared world model that lets machines act on common, current knowledge of the space they work in. Its second is heavy inference — the queries too expensive for the edge, answered across the local network in local time. Both stay inside the fence, so the facility’s video, telemetry, and layouts never leave it.

The third job is adaptation. A working fleet generates the most valuable training signal that will ever exist for that facility, and it is generated on the wrong side of the boundary for any cloud to use. The facility plane is designed to run scheduled adaptation on the day’s data — overnight, inside the boundary — so the fleet gets better at this facility’s work without the data going anywhere.

04 · FLEET PLANE

Governance without visibility.

The fleet plane is how an operator runs many sites without dissolving the boundaries that make each site sovereign. It provisions nodes, distributes models and updates as signed bundles, collects attestation evidence, and rolls up audit records — the administrative spine of the system.

Its design constraint is asymmetry: authority flows down, evidence flows up, and operational data does not flow at all. The fleet plane can prove that a site runs approved software on untampered hardware without ever seeing that site’s video, telemetry, or throughput. For air-gapped sites, the same functions operate by bundle transfer across the boundary instead of by connection.

05 · THE DETERMINISM SPLIT

The control path never waits on the inference plane.

CONTROL PATH

HARD REAL-TIME · SAFETY-RELEVANT

  • Bounded worst-case timing
  • Fixed execution priority
  • Interlock and stop authority
  • Independent of inference load

INFERENCE PLANE

THROUGHPUT · BEST-EFFORT

  • Perception and policy models
  • Batched, throughput-oriented
  • Preemptible and restartable
  • Degrades without safety impact
THE CONTROL PATH RETAINS AUTHORITY WHEN THE INFERENCE PLANE IS SATURATED, RESTARTING, OR OFFLINE

These are two different kinds of computing with two incompatible definitions of good. The control path is judged by its worst case: interlocks, stop authority, and motion limits must respond within a bounded time, every time, or the machine is not safe. The inference plane is judged by its throughput: perception and policy models want batching, deep pipelines, and full accelerators — all of which make worst-case timing strictly worse.

Blending them means the safety case inherits the timing behavior of the most complex software on the node, and every model update becomes a safety question. So the split is architectural, not conventional: separate execution resources, a one-way relationship in which the control path holds authority, and a fail posture that does not depend on inference at all. In a system whose failures are physical, this separation is not a preference. It is the design.

06 · INTEGRATION SURFACE

It meets the plant where the plant already is.

A policy-governed integration layer with default-deny egress: every interface to existing plant systems is declared, checked, and logged, and anything undeclared does not connect.

ROBOT MIDDLEWARE
Standard robot middleware interfaces on the edge node, so existing perception and control stacks connect without rewrites.
INDUSTRIAL FIELDBUS
Deterministic fieldbus participation at the cell boundary, with the network's control path subordinate to existing interlocks.
MES / SCADA
Read-mostly integration with plant execution and supervisory systems through declared, policy-checked interfaces.
CAMERA & SENSOR INGEST
High-bandwidth ingest terminates at the facility plane. Raw sensor data is consumed inside the boundary, never forwarded out of it.
PLC BOUNDARIES
Programmable logic keeps final authority over actuation it already owns. The network requests; the safety system disposes.

07 · WHAT WE HAVEN’T SOLVED YET

Open problems, named.

A system like this earns trust by being specific about where it isn’t finished. These are the problems we consider open — in some cases for us, in some cases for the field.

Multi-node coordination latency at scale

Coordinating a handful of machines against one facility plane is tractable. Coordinating dozens, while keeping the worst-served machine inside its timing bound rather than the average one, is not solved. Admission control and degradation order under contention are active design work.

Thermal envelope under sustained inference

Sealed, filtered enclosures are the point — and they fight physics. Sustained accelerator load inside a sealed box on a hot factory floor, or in an outdoor cabinet, forces trades between density, acoustics, and service life that we have not finished making.

A certification path for learned components

Our answer today is architectural: keep everything learned out of the safety path entirely. But a functional-safety argument that regulators and insurers accept for systems containing learned components is an open problem for the whole industry, and we do not claim to have closed it.

Heterogeneous fleet abstraction

A real facility runs arms, mobile robots, and fixed automation from different vendors, with different capabilities and different failure modes. A common representation that coordinates them without flattening away what makes each useful does not exist yet — including here.

DESIGN PARTNER PROGRAM

Build this with us.

If one of these open problems is your open problem, that is exactly the conversation the design partner program exists for.